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It’s challenging to ensure proper protection for your organization in an ever-changing, vulnerable environment. In our survey of over 250 organizations, we found that 80% of security exposures are found in cloud environments and 20% of cloud services change every month. Trying to get a handle on this sort of volatility is not easy, but it is vitally important.
Our 2023 Unit 42 Attack Surface Threat Report explores the global attack surface landscape based on observable data on exposures that are publicly accessible over the internet. It also offers recommendations on how organizations should approach active attack surface management.
Unit 42 studied the composition of new and existing services running in different cloud providers used by organizations over a period of six months. Cloud-based IT infrastructure is always in a state of flux. On average, over 20% of externally accessible cloud services change monthly across the 250 organizations. Figure 1 shows how this breaks down across different industries.
Consequently, Unit 42 investigated the impact on the number of new security risks introduced within an organization, which is illustrated in Figure 2. Over 45% of most organizations’ high-risk, cloud-hosted exposures in a given month were observed on new services that hadn’t been present on their organization's attack surface in the month prior. Thus, the creation of new, publicly accessible cloud services (both intended and unauthorized) is a risk factor related to nearly half of all high-criticality exposures at a given time.
According to our analysis, 80% of security exposures were observed in cloud environments, as shown in Figure 3 below. This higher distribution of exposures in the cloud can be attributed to the following causes:
Figure 4 shows that across the more than 250 organizations we analyzed, web framework takeover exposures like insecure versions of Apache web servers, insecure versions of PHP and insecure versions of jQuery account for over 22% of the exposures. Poorly configured remote access services like Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), Secure Shell (SSH), or virtual network computing (VNC) make up 20% of the exposures.
Unit 42 also observed that IT security and networking infrastructure exposures make up nearly 17% of all the exposures of the global attack surface. The exposures in this category consisted of internet-accessible administrative login pages of the following assets:
Compromise of these assets can have substantial consequences for organizations, including the compromise of core business functions and applications, and the data they contain.
Most organizations are unprepared for an attack through an unknown or unmanaged exposure. We found eight of the nine organizations we studied had internet-accessible RDP vulnerable to brute-force attacks for at least 25% of the month.
To protect against these types of attack surface vulnerabilities, organizations should:
Organizations should consider an attack surface management program to continuously discover, prioritize and remediate exposures on their attack surface. This ensures that opportunistic attackers cannot exploit any unknown or unmanaged asset.
Get the full 2023 Unit 42 Attack Surface Threat Report for more global attack surface insights, trends and recommendations for best practices.
If attack surface management is new to your organization, or you’d like help with improving your program, Cortex Xpanse and Unit 42 Attack Surface Assessment can jump-start your journey. This assessment service gives you better visibility into your on-premises and cloud-based internet-connected assets and recommendations on prioritized actions to help you defend your organization.
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