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Predefined objects are retrieved from the predefined namespace that is attached to the Panorama and Firewall namespaces.  Also when invoking the refreshall_* methods, they don't return results like object refreshall functions, you have to access the results from the appropriate param on the predefined namespace itself:

from panos.panorama import Panorama

pano = Panorama("192.168.1.1", "admin", "admin")
pano.predefined.refreshall_applications()

print("Applications: {0}".format(
    pano.predefined.application_objects.keys()),
)

print("Application Containers: {0}".format(
    pano.predefined.application_container_objects.keys()),
)